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In a laser interferometer the laser beam is split into two beams by a beam splitter. One of the beams is directed to a mirror located at a certain distance to provide a reference in measurements. The other beam reaches a mirror or reflector fixed on the moving object. This beam, being reflected, recombines and optically interferes with the reference beam (or beams). The superimposed light sensed by a photodetector has increased (constructive interference) and decreased (destructive interference) illumination phases, which are correlated with the measuring displacement of the object.
Laser interferometer with one (a) and two (b) mirrors for reference, f = displacement, 1 = laser light source, 2 = beam splitter, 3 = reflector on moving object, 4 and
5 = mirrors for reference, 6 = photodetector.
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