deviation error
PrintFor an M-FSK system, the average deviation error is defined as the average magnitude of the spread of the FSK demodulated symbol spaced waveform around the ideal symbol (frequency) locations.
Mathematically, the deviation error is defined as:
where M is the FSK modulation format, ƒideal,i is the ideal symbol location at the FSK frequency corresponding to location i, and <ƒactual,i> is the mean value of the demodulated symbols at location i.
In the figure above, the black points represent the actual FSK demodulated symbol locations, and the colored lines represent the ideal symbol locations for a 4-FSK format.
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